Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Leaves of Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae).

Guilherme Augusto Ferreira Da Costa,Joaquim Maurício Duarte-Almeida,Jaqueline Maria Siqueira Ferreira,Izabela Caputo Assis Silva,Adriana Cristina Soares,Aline Aparecida Saldanha,Luciana Alves Rodrigues Dos Santos Lima,Melissa Grazielle Morais,Álan Alex Aleixo

doi:10.1155/2015/315987

Guilherme Augusto Ferreira Da Costa, Joaquim Maurício Duarte-Almeida + Show 7 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/315987

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Abstract

Ethanol extract and fractions obtained from leaves of Solanum lycocarpum were examined in order to determine their phenolic composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic potential. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with DAD analysis indicated that the flavonoids apigenin and kaempferol were the main phenolic compounds present in dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions, respectively. The antioxidant activity was significantly more pronounced for dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and hydroethanol fractions than that of the commercial antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol. The hexane and dichloromethane fractions were more active against the tested bacteria. The hydroethanol fraction exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity at the dose of 75 and 150 mg/kg in the later phase of inflammation. However, the antiedematogenic effect of the higher dose of the ethyl acetate fraction (150 mg/kg) was more pronounced. The ethyl acetate fraction also presented a less cytotoxic effect than the ethanol extract and other fractions. These activities found in S. lycocarpum leaves can be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of phenolic constituents such as flavonoids. This work provided the knowledge of phenolic composition in the extract and fractions and the antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of leaves of S. lycocarpum.

Highlights

Polyphenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, are commonly consumed as natural components of vegetables, beans, fruits, and/or phytotherapeutics and are generally regarded as safe chemicals, displaying low toxicological activity [1]
The aim of this study was to identify the main phenolic compounds and estimate the total flavonoid content of the ethanol extract (EE) and fractions obtained from the leaves of S. lycocarpum and to demonstrate their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic potential
The results showed that the Ac fraction presented less of a cytotoxic effect than the EE and other fractions, with concentration that killed 50% of the cells (CC50) = 9975 μg/mL (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Polyphenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, are commonly consumed as natural components of vegetables, beans, fruits, and/or phytotherapeutics and are generally regarded as safe chemicals, displaying low toxicological activity [1]. Flavonoids, apigenin and luteolin, have shown potent activity against oxidative stress [3]. Other studies in several systems have revealed that apigenin was able to inhibit tumor growth [4]. Recent studies have shown anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties for kaempferol and kaempferol rhamnosides [5, 6]. Cinnamic acids, such as caffeic and chlorogenic acids, are very well known for their antioxidant properties [7, 8]

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