Abstract

We measure the ground-state occupation and energy o f a dilute Bose gas of Rb atoms as a function of temperature. The ground-state fraction shows good agreement with the predictions for an ideal Bose gas in a 3D harmonic potential. The measured transition temperature is 0.94(5)T,,, where T, is the value for a noninteracting gas in the thennodynamic limit. We determine the energy from a modelindependent analysis of the velocity distribution, after ballistic expansion, of the atom cloud. We observe a distinct change in slope of the energy-temperature curve near the transition, which indicates a sharp feature in the specific heat. [SO03 1-9007(96)01891-11

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