Abstract
Boron and nitrogen co-doped porous carbons (BNPC-X) were synthesized from boron-containing polybenzoxazines through carbonization and chemical activation, where X represents the weight ratio of boric acid to benzoxazine resin. The as-prepared BNPC-X were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, element analysis and electrochemical measurements. The results show that the BNPC-0.15 possesses relatively high weight fractions of boron (2.97 wt %) and nitrogen (2.43 wt %), a homogeneous pore distribution, and remarkable electrochemical capacitive performance. It exhibits high specific capacitance (286 F·g−1 at 0.05 A·g−1), excellent rate capability (at A·g−1), and good charge–discharge stability (>92% capacitance retention after 1,000 cycles at 1.0 A·g−1) in 6 M KOH aqueous solution.
Highlights
Supercapacitors have gained more and more attention in the field of energy storage for electronic devices, electric vehicles and industrial equipment because they possess a high specific power density, rapid charge–discharge rate and stable cycling life compared with lithium batteries [1,2,3]
Zhou et al prepared boron and nitrogen co-doped porous carbon (BNC-OA) by the carbonization of the mixture of boric acid and oxidized asphaltene (OA) at 1173 K in an argon atmosphere, which shows the highest capacitance of 335 F g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A·g−1 and a capacitance retention of 83% at 1 A g−1 [21]
It is found that all the samples exhibit two broad and low-intensive diffraction peaks centered at 2θ = 20◦ –26◦ and 43◦ –44◦, which can be attributed to the (002) and (100) diffractions of the hexagonal graphitic carbon lattice, clearly indicating an amorphous nature and low graphitization degree of the nanoporous carbon materials [27,28]
Summary
Supercapacitors have gained more and more attention in the field of energy storage for electronic devices, electric vehicles and industrial equipment because they possess a high specific power density, rapid charge–discharge rate and stable cycling life compared with lithium batteries [1,2,3]. Heteroatoms (such as boron, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur) doped into the carbon framework have been regarded as an effective strategy to enhance the specific capacitance of carbon materials [18] These heteroatoms can supply a reversible pseudocapactiance from Faradaic electrochemical reactivity, increase electrical conductivity, and promote interface wettability [19]. Zhou et al prepared boron and nitrogen co-doped porous carbon (BNC-OA) by the carbonization of the mixture of boric acid and oxidized asphaltene (OA) at 1173 K in an argon atmosphere, which shows the highest capacitance of 335 F g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A·g−1 and a capacitance retention of 83% at 1 A g−1 [21]. The BNPC-X are found to possess an enhanced electrochemical performance in supercapacitors compared with the NPC in the absence of boron acid in terms of specific capacitance, rate capability, and cycling stability
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