Bone response to laser-induced micro- and nano-size titanium surface features

Abstract

This study explored whether laser-induced, site-specific implant surface modifications with micro- and nano-scale topography were able to promote bone formation. The aim was to evaluate the biomechanical and histological response to partly laser-modified titanium implants in comparison with machined implants. After an early 8-week healing period in rabbit tibia and femur, a 250% increase in removal torque was demonstrated for the partly laser-modified surface. Further, different fracture mechanisms were demonstrated for the two surfaces. Histologically, significantly more bone was found in direct contact with the laser-modified surface for the implants in the tibia sites, and a similar amount of bone tissue was observed in contact with the implant in the femoral sites. In conclusion, an improved bone-implant interface anchorage was promoted by an increase in micro- and nano-scale implant surface topography and surface oxide induced by topological laser treatment. From the Clinical Editor Nanosized grooves in titanium implants markedly improve bone-implant anchorage by increasing the amount of bone formed in direct contact with the metal prosthesis.