Abstract
Purpose: To examine the biocompatibility and osteoinductive potential of sub-microfibrous membranes with cells in vitro and in vivo.Methods: Polylactic acid (PLA) and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) were blended at various volume ratios (PLA:PCL = 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 and 0:100) and each membrane form was prepared by electrospinning. Cell viability, biocompatibility, and bone regeneration were measured.Results: The membranes from the PLA/PCL blends prepared by an electrospinning process showed a range of diameter distribution ranging from 1,580 to 550 nm. The cells of 100 % PCL membrane (smallest diameter) exhibited significantly higher adhesion and proliferation than those of the other membranes. Among the membranes from PLA/PCL blends, PCL membrane showed weak inflammatory changes in the early stages of implantation without acute or chronic inflammation. PCL membranes with osteogenically-induced cells successfully stimulated new bone formation in a rate calvarial defect model.Conclusion: The results indicate that biodegradable PCL sub-microfibrous membrane produced by electrospinning process seems to have excellent biocompatibility, and may be used as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering.Keywords: Biocompatibility, Hard tissue, Biomaterial availability, Bone remodeling, Polylactic acid, Poly-ε-caprolactone, Osteoinductive potential, Sub-microfibrous membranes
Highlights
Fibrous membranes of biodegradable polymers fabricated by an electrospinning technique have been developed for medical applications such as vascular graft [1], skin substitution [2], nerve regeneration [3], bone tissue engineering [4], and guided bone regeneration for dental surgery [5]
To assess the efficiency of bone formation, we evaluated the bone hilling activity stimulated by bone marrowderived stromal cells (BMCs) with or without osteogenic induction on the membranes in a rat calvarial defect model
Our results showed that hypertrophy of lining histiocytes and infiltration of lymphocytes in the membranes gradually decreased with increasing ratio of PCL
Summary
Fibrous membranes of biodegradable polymers fabricated by an electrospinning technique have been developed for medical applications such as vascular graft [1], skin substitution [2], nerve regeneration [3], bone tissue engineering [4], and guided bone regeneration for dental surgery [5]. Many studies have been devoted to evaluating the suitability of these applications for in vitro and in vivo models [6] Biodegradable substance, such as poly (lactic acid) (PLA), Poly-εcaprolactone (PCL), poly (glycolic acid) (PGA), and their copolymers, are regarded as the ideal materials for medical applications. To assess the efficiency of bone formation, we evaluated the bone hilling activity stimulated by bone marrowderived stromal cells (BMCs) with or without osteogenic induction on the membranes in a rat calvarial defect model. The proliferation of hMSCs on fibrous membranes was evaluated using a MTS assay (Promega, USA). HMSCs were seeded at a density of 2 × 105 cells/cm on various types of fibrous membranes in a 12-well plate at 0 days. To evaluate whether bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMCs) with osteoinduction participate in in vivo bone formation, a calvarial bone defect model was used for this assay in 8week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.
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