Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the bone regeneration capacity of a customized alloplastic material and xenograft with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). We prepared hydroxyapatite (HA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) pure ceramic bone blocks made using a 3D printing system and added rhBMP-2 to both materials. In eight beagle dogs, a total of 32 defects were created on the lower jaws. The defective sites of the negative control group were left untreated (N group; 8 defects), and those in the positive control group were filled with particle-type Bio-Oss (P group; 12 defects). The defect sites in the experimental group were filled with 3D-printed synthetic bone blocks (3D group; 12 defects). Radiographic and histological evaluations were performed after healing periods of 6 and 12 weeks and showed no significant difference in new bone formation and total bone between the P and 3D groups. The 3D-printed custom HA/TCP graft with rhBMP-2 showed bone regeneration effects similar to that of particulate Bio-Oss with rhBMP-2. Through further study and development, the application of 3D-printed customized alloplastic grafts will be extended to various fields of bone regeneration.
Highlights
Insufficient alveolar bone volume is usually caused by significant bone resorption after tooth extraction
Since the appropriate volume of the alveolar bone is crucial for successfully restoring prosthesis and implant, the reconstruction of the resorbed alveolar ridge is an important goal for clinicians
Autogenous bone is the gold standard for bone graft material, but there are problems with the limit of the amount and complications related to donor site defects [33]
Summary
Alloplastic graft material is a pure industrially synthesized bone substitute that is not obtained from a living body. PDRN is a material used to improve tissue regeneration capacity It contains nucleosides extracted from deoxyribonucleic acid obtained from the sperm of salmon trout, from which the active protein or peptide has been removed through purification and sterilization [22]. Advances in computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology have made it possible to use customized compositions or shapes of alloplastic bone graft materials [25,26,27]. The convenience of manufacturing can significantly improve clinical efficiency Electrospun polymer nanofibers, such as poly L-lactic acid and polycaprolactone, have been 3D-printed and used as alloplastic bones; these have poor biocompatibility, a low bone formation rate, and poor absorption. Sci. 2021, 2021, 22, x12518 the customized allograft allograft materials materials the bone bone regeneration regeneration capacity capacity of of xenograft xenograft materials materials and and customized
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