Abstract
Mechanical and resorbable scaffolds are in high demand for stem cell-based regenerative medicine, to treat refractory bone defects in craniofacial abnormalities and injuries. Multipotent progenitor cells, such as dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells, are prospective sources for regenerative therapies. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate that a composite gelatin sponge (α-TCP/GS) of alfa-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) mixed with gelatin scaffolds (GS), with/without DFATs, induced bone regeneration in a rat calvarial defect model in vivo. α-TCP/GS was prepared by mixing α-TCP and 2% GS using vacuum-heated methods. α-TCP/GS samples with/without DFATs were transplanted into the model. After 4 weeks of implantation, the samples were subjected to micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) and histological analysis. α-TCP/GS possessed adequate mechanical strength; α-TCP did not convert to hydroxyapatite upon contact with water, as determined by X-ray diffraction. Moreover, stable α-TCP/GS was formed by electrostatic interactions, and verified based on the infrared peak shifts. μ-CT analyses showed that bone formation was higher in the α-TCP/GS+ DFAT group than in the α-TCP/GS group. Therefore, the implantation of α-TCP/GS comprising DFAT cells enhanced bone regeneration and vascularization, demonstrating the potential for healing critical-sized bone defects.
Highlights
Bone tissue reconstruction is often required in the maxillofacial region for mandibular defects resulting from cystectomy or highly atrophied alveolar bone
It is widely used for bone tissue regeneration, as it has a similar composition as collagen, which accounts for approximately 95% of the organic phase of bone [7,8]
The first stage occurred at a temperature of performed thermal analysis of gelatin scaffolds (GS) and GS/TCP using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TG/DTA); the thermal deg◦ C, 30–90We because of the loss of water molecules
Summary
Bone tissue reconstruction is often required in the maxillofacial region for mandibular defects resulting from cystectomy or highly atrophied alveolar bone. There are numerous studies on the combination of biopolymers and bioceramicbased composite scaffolds with improved mechanical and bone regeneration capabilities. Gelatin biopolymer is obtained from collagen through alkaline or acidic pre-treatment and thermal denaturation [6]. It is widely used for bone tissue regeneration, as it has a similar composition as collagen, which accounts for approximately 95% of the organic phase of bone [7,8]. Our previous studies [2,5] reported that transplantation of scaffolding material, made using porous α-TCP particles and chemically synthesized collagen model polypeptides, resulted in bone regeneration in beagle and mini pig bone defect models
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