Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the bone regeneration efficiency of two-layer porcine-derived bone scaffolds composed of cancellous and cortical bones in a rabbit calvarial defect model. Four circular calvaria defects were formed on cranium of rabbit and were filled with block bone scaffolds of each group: cortical bone block (Cortical group), cancellous bone block (Cancellous group), and two-layer bone block (2layer group). After 8 weeks, new bones were primarily observed in cancellous parts of the Cancellous and 2layer groups, while the Cortical group exhibited few new bones. In the results of new bone volume and area analyses, the Cancellous group showed the highest value, followed by the 2layer group, and were significantly higher than the Cortical group. Within the limitations of this study, the cancellous and two-layer porcine-derived bone scaffolds showed satisfactory bone regeneration efficiency; further studies on regulating the ratio of cortical and cancellous bones in two-layer bones are needed.
Highlights
A sufficient volume of residual bone is required for successful implant surgery [1]
In this study, we aimed to investigate the bone regeneration efficiency of two-layer porcine bone scaffolds composed of cancellous and cortical bones compared to cortical bone and cancellous bone in the rabbit calvaria defect model
At the magnifications of ×50 and ×300, the surface morphologies of cancellous bone exhibited interconnective porous structure, while few pores were observed in the cortical bone
Summary
A sufficient volume of residual bone is required for successful implant surgery [1]. A narrow bone width in the anterior or premolar resigns would adversely affect ideal implant placement. Alveolar bones with moderate to severe periodontitis or bone defects caused by cysts or tumors require extensive bone grafting. Ideal bone substitutes should have no immune response and sufficient stem or progenitor cells to induce bone formation. Bone graft substitutes must be able to maintain their stability in bony defects and could promote rapid new bone formation and revascularization [2–4]. Autologous bone grafts are considered the gold standard for bone regeneration procedures in that most conditions are met, they need additional surgery, and the bone amount that can be harvested is limited [5,6]
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