Bone Mineral Density in the Scaphoid

Abstract

Introduction: The scaphoid bone is essential for wrist stability and movement. While fractures commonly occur at the scaphoid's waist, those at the proximal pole, though rarer, tend to result in nonunion, potentially linked to variations in bone mineral density (BMD). Previous studies have shown an increase in BMD at the proximal pole in fractured scaphoids, but BMD distribution in intact scaphoids has not been well studied. This study aims to map the BMD distribution of the intact scaphoid to better understand the etiology of fractures and optimize treatment approaches. Methods: Conducted under ethical approval, this study included 100 individuals, using computed tomography to assess the BMD in distal, middle, and proximal thirds of the scaphoid. Measurements were performed in the defined regions and analyzed using SPSS software, with significance accepted at P < .05. Results: The study comprised 34 females and 66 males, with no significant BMD difference between the right and left wrists. The proximal third exhibited significantly higher BMD (542.2 HU) compared to the middle (293.1 HU) and distal thirds (298.4 HU). A statistically significant higher BMD was observed in males, particularly in the proximal and distal thirds. A weak negative correlation between age and BMD was noted across all sections. Conclusion: The proximal scaphoid shows significantly higher BMD, potentially explaining its lower fracture incidence but higher nonunion rate. This insight into the BMD distribution within an intact scaphoid may guide the clinical management of scaphoid fractures, highlighting the need for targeted treatment strategies based on BMD variations.