Abstract
ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of air-drying pressure during ceramic primer coating on zirconia/resin bonding and the surface characteristics of the primed zirconia.MethodsTwo ceramic primers (Clearfil Ceramic Primer, CCP, Kuraray Medical Inc. and Z-Prime Plus, ZPP, Bisco Inc.) were applied on the surface of air-abraded zirconia (Katana zirconia, Noritake) and dried at 4 different air pressures (0.1–0.4 MPa). The primed zirconia ceramic specimens were bonded with a resin-based luting agent (SA Luting Cement, Kuraray). Micro-shear bond strengths of the bonded specimens were tested after 3 days of water storage or 5,000× thermocycling (n = 12). Failure modes of the fractured specimens were examined with scanning electron miscopy. The effects of air pressure on the thickness of the primer layers and the surface roughness (Sa) of primed zirconia were evaluated using spectroscopic ellipsometry (n = 6), optical profilometry and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) (n = 6), respectively.ResultsClearfil Ceramic Primer air-dried at 0.3 and 0.4 MPa, yielding significantly higher µSBS than gentle air-drying subgroups (p<0.05). Compared to vigorous drying conditions, Z-Prime Plus air-dried at 0.2 MPa exhibited significantly higher µSBS (p<0.05). Increasing air-drying pressure reduced the film thickness for both primers. Profilometry measurements and ESEM showed rougher surfaces in the high pressure subgroups of CCP and intermediate pressure subgroup of ZPP.ConclusionAir-drying pressure influences resin/zirconia bond strength and durability significantly. Higher air-drying pressure (0.3-0.4 MPa) for CCP and intermediate pressure (0.2 MPa) for ZPP are recommended to produce strong, durable bonds between resin cement and zirconia ceramics.
Highlights
Interest for using advanced ceramic materials for dental applications including orthodontic brackets, posts, implant abutments, and restoration frameworks has increased substantially in recent years
Increases in immediate bond strength between zirconia and composite resin was achieved with this method [11,12,13], this surface pre-treatment method showed significant loss in long-term bond strength when compared with the combined application of airborne-particle abrasion and resin luting agents containing phosphate ester monomers (10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate, 10-MDP) on the zirconia surface [1,2,3,7,14,15,16,17,18]
It is thought that the hydroxyl groups present on the zirconia surface could react with the phosphate group of 10-MDP
Summary
Interest for using advanced ceramic materials for dental applications including orthodontic brackets, posts, implant abutments, and restoration frameworks has increased substantially in recent years. Increases in immediate bond strength between zirconia and composite resin was achieved with this method [11,12,13], this surface pre-treatment method showed significant loss in long-term bond strength when compared with the combined application of airborne-particle abrasion and resin luting agents containing phosphate ester monomers (10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate, 10-MDP) on the zirconia surface [1,2,3,7,14,15,16,17,18]. The large reaction surface, high concentration of functional terminal groups, and intimate contact between the two reactants all contribute to the formation of Zr-O-P bonds and the improved zirconia-resin bonding [20]
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