Abstract
Objective: To assess the influence of 5% hydrofluoric acid etching time (ET), cementation protocol (CP), and thermal cycling (TC) aging on the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (ZLS) to adhesive resin cement. Material and Methods: Ten VITA Suprinity® ceramic blocks were cut in 120 slices (1.4 mm thickness) and randomly assigned to 12 groups (n = 10) according to the combination of factors (2x3x2 design): etching time (20 or 30 s), cementation protocol (silane + universal adhesive + resin cement; universal adhesive + resin cement; silane + resin cement) and thermal cycling (cycled or no-cycled). RelyX Ceramic Primer and Scotchbond™ Universal Adhesive were used respectively as silane (S) and universal adhesive (Ua). Ceramic surface was etched, and the cementation protocol performed on the delimited bonding area. Then, resin cement (RelyX™ Ultimate Cement [Rc]) cylinders were bonded and light cured. After, specimens were stored in deionized water at 37°C for 7 days and subjected to the µSBS test. Results: Data passed the normality test and three-way ANOVA analysis showed statistical difference (p<0.01) for isolated; double (ET/TC) (p<0.05), and triple (p<0.05) factor interactions. Conclusion: The combination 30s etching-Ua-Rc presented higher adhesive bond strength after thermal aging.
Highlights
Dental ceramics are widely used as aesthetic restorative material given the ability to simulate the natural teeth appearance [1] and their clinical success depends on the proper mechanical-chemical bond adhesion among resin cement (Rc), ceramic (C) and tooth substrate [2]
The greater μSBS mean value was observed for the 30 sec/no-cycled/universal adhesive
Despite the time and acid concentration usually recommended by ceramic manufacturer, 30 s 5% hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching resulted in a higher bond strength after thermocycled (Table 4)
Summary
Dental ceramics are widely used as aesthetic restorative material given the ability to simulate the natural teeth appearance [1] and their clinical success depends on the proper mechanical-chemical bond adhesion among resin cement (Rc), ceramic (C) and tooth substrate [2]. The hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching is a necessary step to improve the Rc/glass-ceramic bond [1], allowed only for silica-based (SiO2) or glass-ceramics [3]. The HF selectively dissolves the glass matrix, exposes the crystalline content and makes the etched surface rough. The silane (S) application step [5] increases the chemical bond. By improving infiltration and cementing agent-C surface porosities contact [6], the polymer interconnections are favored [7]. It happens because S-bifunctional molecules allow the bonding between organic (Rc monomers) and inorganic (glass matrix ceramic silica content) compounds [8]
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