Abstract
The effect of impregnation treatment of low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (MWPF) resin on the bolt-bearing yield strength (BBYS) of a three-layered cross-laminated timber (CLT) composed of two face layers of southern pine (Pinus taeda) and one core layer of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) was investigated together with two additional factors of material type and loading direction. Experimental results indicated that the amount of low MWPF resins penetrating into sweetgum was more than the ones into southern pine. Sweetgum had more uniform distribution of low MWPF resins penetrating longitudinally than southern pine. Impregnation treatment using a low MWPF resin at a concentration of 20% can enhance the BBYS of three-layered CLTs with a 60% increase. The BBYS of a core layer material in three-layered CLTs can significantly alter the overall BBYS of the three-layered CLTs.
Highlights
The Southern pine (Pinus taeda) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) are two of most common wood species in the south of the United States
The impregnation was carried out using commercial low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (MWPF) resin (Table 3) purchased
The moisture content (MC) values of southern pine and sweetgum averaged 12.01% and 10.41%, respectively, interactions on mean bolt-bearing yield strength (BBYS) values were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) general and their corresponding coefficient of variance (COV) averaged 1.54% and 4.31%, respectively
Summary
The Southern pine (Pinus taeda) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) are two of most common wood species in the south of the United States. The southern pine has been widely used in engineered wood timber and composites. Sweetgum is moderately heavy and hard, and often has a form of cross grain called interlocked grain that makes the wood deform and crack if not dried slowly. Sweetgum is mainly for veneer, plywood, slack cooperage, fuel, pulpwood, boxes, and crates [1]. 12% moisture content (MC) [1], including specific gravity (SG), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), compression strengths, and tension strength perpendicular to grain.
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