Abstract
BackgroundBody image perception depends on anthropometric and psychological factors. Body dissatisfaction is influenced by the socio-cultural environment and is associated with eating disorders and low self-esteem. This study examined the body image perception, the degree of dissatisfaction and the weight status perception inconsistency in relation to sex, weight status and amount of physical activity in a sample of university students.MethodsThe participants were 734 university students (354 females aged 21.5 ± 2.9 yrs and 380 males aged 22.1 ± 3.6 yrs) recruited from the second year of the Sport Sciences degree program. A self-administered questionnaire was used to acquire socio-demographic and sport participation information. Height, weight, BMI and weight status were considered for each subject. Body image perception was assessed by a silhouette matching technique. A new index, FAI (Feel status minus Actual status Inconsistency), was used to assess weight status perception inconsistency.ResultsA large proportion of the sample had normal weight status. On average, females chose as feel status a significantly higher figure than the males (4.7 versus 3.8) and they would have liked to have a significantly thinner figure than the males (3.4 versus 3.6). Therefore, the mean FID (Feel minus Ideal Discrepancy) values (positive in both sexes) were significantly higher in females than in males, meaning higher dissatisfaction. The mean FAI values were positive in females and negative in males, indicating a tendency of the women to overestimate their weight status and of the men to underestimate it. Men were more physically active than women. Less active women showed significantly lower body weight and BMI than more active women. Men less engaged in physical activity showed significantly higher FID than more active men.ConclusionsThese results show greater dissatisfaction and higher weight status perception consistency in females than in males among Italian university students examined. Our findings suggest that the FAI index can be very useful to evaluate the perceived weight status by body image in comparison to actual weight status assessed anthropometrically.
Highlights
Body image perception depends on anthropometric and psychological factors
While fitness and health motivations may be associated with positive consequences of physical exercise for individuals with low body dissatisfaction, greater endorsement of both fitness and health motivations, as well as appearance and weight motivations, are associated with even greater state body dissatisfaction in women categorized as high body dissatisfied [12]
In this study we examined the body image perception, degree of dissatisfaction and weight status perception inconsistency in relation to sex, weight status and amount of physical activity in a sample of Italian university students
Summary
Body image perception depends on anthropometric and psychological factors. Body dissatisfaction is influenced by the socio-cultural environment and is associated with eating disorders and low self-esteem. Body image was defined as “a person’s perceptions, thoughts, and feelings about his or her body” by Grogan [1] and it depends on various factors: psychological components and socio-cultural influences such as family, peers, and ethnicity [2,3,4,5,6]. As body dissatisfaction is a risk factor for eating disorders [8], the importance of assessing and reducing this dissatisfaction must be emphasized. While fitness and health motivations may be associated with positive consequences of physical exercise for individuals with low body dissatisfaction, greater endorsement of both fitness and health motivations, as well as appearance and weight motivations, are associated with even greater state body dissatisfaction in women categorized as high body dissatisfied [12]
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