Abstract
Ehrlich solid carcinoma (ESC) is one of the tumor models used in cancer research. Although it is widely used, it has no ultrasonographic descriptions. In this study, serial B-mode and Doppler ultrasonographic examinations were performed for 23 days for ESCs inoculated into 18 Swiss albino mice. The growth patterns were analyzed, and on the basis of their growth curve, the tumors were classified into two groups: fast growth (FG) and slow growth (SG). Ultrasonographic characteristics of the tumor’s capsule, margins, echogenicity, echotexture, vascular index (VI), distribution of vascular flow, and Doppler indices such as the resistive index, pulsatility index, and peak systolic velocity (SV) were analyzed and compared between the two groups. A high VI and earlier blood flow were noted in the FG group (p<0.05). Additionally, SV was higher in the FG group than in the SG group (13.28 ± 0.38 cm/s vs. 8.43 ± 0.26 cm/s). In contrast, a change in echogenicity and flow distribution patterns were observed, especially in FG tumors. Therefore, ESC presented with few ultrasonographic differences between FG and SG tumors, especially vascularization during the initial stages of tumor growth.
Highlights
Cancer is one of the most common and serious diseases of the current clinical medicine state and one of the main causes of high mortality rates due to late diagnosis
If we compare the evolution of vascular index (VI), we can regard that, in slow growth (SG) tumors, it was quite stable, while, in fast growth (FG) tumors, we found a large initial vascularization that decreases over time, being more pronounced after day 14 (Figure 3C)
A tendency toward heterogeneous echotexture, mixed echogenicity, undefined margins, and peripheral vascular pattern were observed in Ehrlich solid carcinoma (ESC) inoculated in Swiss albino mice with increased volume
Summary
Cancer is one of the most common and serious diseases of the current clinical medicine state and one of the main causes of high mortality rates due to late diagnosis. Mice models have been developed and their ability to model many diverse aspects of human diseases have been improved; a similar need to develop and improve imaging approaches to measure key biological parameters noninvasively exists. In this context, ultrasound imaging is especially useful in measuring the size, internal aspect, and characteristics of vascularity and blood perfusion in soft tissue tumor [2] For this reason, it has been used in this study and for the diagnosis of some types of human [3, 4] and canine cancers [5]
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