Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that consuming diets rich in (extra virgin) olive oil is associated with a low incidence of chronic disease, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Recent evidence has emerged which implicates raised concentrations of plasma triglycerides in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). It has been demonstrated that olive oil contributes to modulate metabolic processes related to secretion and transport of triglycerides. Intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from olive oil are very efficiently cleared during postprandial metabolism compared to other oils. Then, there is a massive interaction of nascent and remnant triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, as well as lipid metabolites and fat-soluble components, with hepatic and non-hepatic tissues. A diet-related response involves a multitude of gene products, including proteins implicated in lipid synthesis, oxidation and cell differentiation. Particularly, it has been reported a health beneficial effect of several components from (extra virgin) olive oil (fatty acids and minor compounds), which are functioning as regulators of gene transcription . This review reaffirm that a diet rich in extra virgin olive oil is of vital importance in the prevention of cardiovascular and other diseases.
Highlights
The Mediterranean diet has become a cultural model for dietary improvement
The epidemiological evidence of a lower incidence of CHD in the Mediterranean area led to the hypothesis of a protective effect of some olive oil phenolics with respect to chemically induced oxidation of human plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL), one of steps in the initiation of atherosclerosis (Steinberg et al, 1989)
Possible mechanisms could imply the modulation in the enterocytes of the activity or expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), or mRNA editing enzyme that involves the co-translational enrichment in lipids of apo B and further lipidation of the primordial particle along the secretory pathway
Summary
The function of chylomicron (CM) and very-low density lipoproteins (VLDL) is to pack the absorbed dietary lipids and fat-soluble components, stabilising. Sources Density Sdverdberg floation (Sf) Size Approximate weight (KD) Total lipids Triglycerides Cholesterol Phospholipids Total protein Major apolipoprotein components. Both intestine and liver 0.95-1.006 g/mL 20-400 30-80 nm 10-80x103 90% of particle mass. Plasma VLDL are mainly synthesized in the liver, there is incoming evidence that fasting intestine produces these particles, which do not mix readily in individual Golgi vesicles (Mu and Hoy, 2004) Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are spherical particles synthesised by intestinal epithelial cells (Luchoomun and Hussain, 1999), being CM higher (100 nm) than VLDL (25-80 nm). The ‘‘triglyceride synthetase’’ pathway (predominant in the feeding state) produces larger particles with lesser apolipoprotein content, whereas the phosphatidic acid pathway (predominant in the fasting state) produces smaller particles with twice as much apolipoprotein per gram of fat than the former pathway
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