Blood lead and cadmium in age related macular degeneration in a Turkish urban population

Abstract

PurposeTo evaluate the blood lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels in age related macular degeneration (AMD) in a turkish urban population. MethodsBlood Pb and Cd levels of 31 AMD patients and 24 age and gender matched controls with no sign of AMD were measured using dual atomic absorption spectrophotometer system (AAS). History of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, myocardial infarction and stroke were obtained from all subjects. Degree of AMD was grade 4 according to the Age-Related Eye Disease Study grading system. Median blood Pb and Cd levels were compared by using Students’ t-test. ResultsDemographic properties like smoking status, presence of diabetes mellitus or hypertension, cerebrovascular occlusion history, serum cholesterol and lipid levels were not significantly different between groups except history of ischemic heart disease (3.22% vs 25% in AMD and control groups respectively, p = .022). Overall in AMD group blood Pb level was 2.83 ± 0.15 μg/l and it was 2.63 ± 0.23 μg/l in control group (p = .36). The Cd level was 3.25 ± 0.20 μg/l in AMD group and 3.11 ± 0.25 μg/l in control group (p = .67). The mean Pb (2.38 ± 0.88 μg/l vs 2.91 ± 1.37 μg/l for AMD vs control, p = .61) and Cd levels (3.06 ± 1.34 μg/l vs 3.35 ± 1.26 μg/l for AMD vs control, p = .56) in current and previous smokers with AMD were not significantly different from those of the current and previous smokers in control group. ConclusionBlood Pb and Cd levels which reflect short term exposure were not significantly different in AMD patients and the control group. The difference was not significant either after involvement of previous or current smoker subjects.