Blood Clearance Kinetics, Biodistribution, and Radiation Dosimetry of a Kit-Formulated Integrin αvβ3-Selective Radiotracer 99mTc-3PRGD2 in Non-Human Primates

Abstract

(99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) is a (99m)Tc-labeled dimeric cyclic RGD peptide with increased receptor binding affinity and improved kinetics for in vivo imaging of integrin α(v)β(3) expression in nude mouse model. To accelerate its clinical translation, we reported here the evaluation of the kit-formulated (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) in healthy cynomolgus primates for its blood clearance kinetics, biodistribution, and radiation dosimetry. Healthy cynomolgus primates (4.1 ± 0.7 kg, n = 5) were anesthetized, and the venous blood samples were collected via a femoral vein catheter at various time points after injection of ~555 MBq of (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2). Serial whole-body scans were performed with a dual-head single photon emission computed tomography system after administering ~555 MBq of (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) in the non-human primates, and the radiation dosimetry estimate was calculated. (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) could be easily obtained from freeze-dried kits with high radiochemical purity (>95%) and high specific activity (~5 Ci/μmol). (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) had a rapid blood clearance with less than 1% of the initial radioactivity remaining in the blood circulation at 60 min postinjection. No adverse reactions were observed up to 4 weeks after the repeated dosing. The whole-body images exhibited high kidney uptake of (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) and high radioactivity accumulation in the bladder, demonstrating the rapid renal clearance of this tracer. The highest radiation doses of (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) were found in the kidneys (13.2 ± 1.08 μGy/MBq) and the bladder wall (33.1 ± 1.91 μGy/MBq). (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) can be readily available using the kit formulation. This tracer is safe and well tolerated, and no adverse events occurred in non-human primates. Further clinical testing and translation of (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) for noninvasive imaging of integrin α(v)β(3) in humans are warranted.