Blood and Tissue Enzymatic Activities of GDH and LDH, Index of Glutathione, and Oxidative Stress among Breast Cancer Patients Attending Referral Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Hospital-Based Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

Mahteme Bekele,M. K. C. Menon,Mohammed Mehdi,Daniel Seifu,Nebiyou Seyoum,Wondimagegn Tigeneh

doi:10.1155/2018/6039453

Abstract

The exact cause of breast cancer is unknown; it is a multifactorial disease. It is the most diagnosed and the second killer cancer among women. Breast cancer can be originated from tissues of breast or secondary from other organs via metastasis. Generally, cancer cells show aberrant metabolism and oxidative stress when compared to noncancerous tissues of breast cancer patients. The current study aims at evaluating glutamate and glucose metabolism through GDH and LDH enzyme activities, oxidant, and antioxidative status among breast cancer patients attending referral hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Result. Catalytic activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and oxidative stress index were significantly increased in both serum (4.2 mU/ml, 78.6 mU/ml, and 3.3 : 1, resp.) and cancerous tissues (1.4 mU/ml, 111.7 mU/ml, and 2.15 : 1, resp.) of breast cancer patients as compared to those in serum of control group (3.15 mU/ml, 30.4 mU/ml, and 2.05 : 1, resp.) and noncancerous tissues of breast cancer patients (0.92 mU/ml, 70.5 mU/ml, and 1.1 : 1, resp.) (P ≤ 0.05). Correspondingly, ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione were significantly decreased in both serum (20 : 1) and cancerous tissues (23.5 : 1) of breast cancer patients when compared to those in serum of control group (104.5 : 1) and noncancerous tissues of breast cancer patients (70.9 : 1) (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion. Catalytic activities of GDH and LDH, ratios of GSH to GSSG, and concentration of TOS among breast cancer patients were significantly higher than were those among control group and noncancerous tissues of breast cancer patients, while TAC of breast cancer patients is significantly lower than that of control group and normal tissues of breast cancer patients.

Highlights

Breast cancer is a multifactorial and devastating disease
A total of 54 (27 breast cancer patients and 27 normal individuals as control group) participants were recruited. These were from five major referral hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and one health center
Enzymatic activities of glutamate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase as well as ratios of total oxidative status to total antioxidant capacity were significantly increased in serum and tumor tissues of breast cancer patients as compared to serum of control group and noncancerous tissues of breast cancer

Summary

Introduction

Breast cancer is a multifactorial and devastating disease. It is characterized by its uncontrolled growth and spread of atypical breast cells [1, 2]. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed and second leading cause of cancer death. According to the report of American Cancer Society, from 2009 to 2013 in the USA, the incident rate of breast cancer was 123.3/100,000 and death rate from 2010 to 2014 was 21.2/100,000. In 2017, it is estimated to diagnose new 252,710 invasive and 63,410 in situ cases and 40,610 death of breast cancer patients. Considering incidence trend of breast cancer from 2004 to 2013, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity invasive breast cancer seems to be stable in white women, but in black women, it was increased by 0.5% [3]

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Discussion

Conclusion