Abstract
Today’s cities face numerous challenges due to climate change and urbanization. The concept of a smart city aims to help cities to address these challenges by adapting modern information and communication technology. Smart mobility and transportation form one important aspect of smart cities. Inefficient mobility in cities can lead to problems such as traffic congestion, which results in frustration for residents and a decrease in the quality of life. Against the backdrop of global warming, cities also strive to reduce CO2 emissions, an attempt which requires sustainable and novel mobility concepts. Blockchain is a current technology, said to have huge potential, that is being investigated for application in many facets of smart cities. In the context of smart mobility, blockchain can be used for transactions relating to ridesharing and electric charging, handling of interactions of platoon members, or serving as a foundation for communication between vehicles. Although initial research about this topic exists, it is distributed among different use-cases and applications. This article conducts a systematic literature review to analyze blockchain’s role in mobility and transportation in smart cities, and its potential to increase efficiency in these areas. With this review, we aim to consolidate and summarize the current knowledge about this topic. As a first result, we present the findings from our literature review, which can be divided into five categories of use-cases. We also present a platform for further research about this emerging topic by identifying promising future research avenues. For this purpose, we derive a future research agenda based on our findings.
Highlights
The environmental and economic impact of global warming is startling and disconcerting
The research dealing with blockchain in smart mobility has increased tremendously over the last few years
The first identified articles in this area were proposed in 2016 [73,74]. They deal with proposals on how to secure and enhance the architecture of Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and vehicular ad-hoc networks
Summary
The environmental and economic impact of global warming is startling and disconcerting. Urban areas are responsible for about 67–76% of the emission of CO2 and the volume of energy consumed, and play a decisive role in terms of environmental impacts [1,2]. 180,000 people move to cities every day, which equates to more than 65 million people a year [4]. This growing number of citizens makes it difficult for cities to ensure minimum living standards and requires increased resources and energy supplies [5,6]. In addition to increased CO2 and greenhouse gas emissions, problems like traffic jams or waste disposal need to be addressed by cities [7]
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