Blefarites refratárias ao tratamento convencional - papel do Demodex

Abstract

Blepharitis is one of the most common conditions seen in ophthalmological practice. The term represents a spectrum of diseases characterized by varying degrees of eyelid inflammation, and the predominant symptoms include itching, a burning sensation, and ocular discomfort. Though very common, blepharitis is not completely defined, and its exact physiopathological mechanisms are not yet established. Blepharitis offers a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Distinctions between different clinical manifestations may be subtle or may overlap and may have a relevant impact on treatment. Moreover, a universal classification system for blepharitis remains unavailable. Although the condition does not typically create risks for patients’ vision, complaints of occular irritation and discomfort may be so persistent that they may have a relevant impact on quality of life. Mites from the genus Demodex are thought to be involved in some blepharitis cases resistant to conventional treatment. The objective of this review is to discuss the role of Demodex mites as agents associated with chronic blepharitis, as well as the physiopathological mechanisms underlying the condition, its diagnosis, and its treatment.