Abstract
Modern requirements of nutritiology determine the enrichment of a person’s daily diet with food fibres. Dietary supplements and cereal-based ingredients are widely used to achieve this goal. Wheat as a food crop traditionally occupies a leading position in food production. Currently, new varieties of wheat with colored grains are being given increasing attention as a source of high-activity phytochemical compounds, which can initiate a positive synergistic physiological effect in the complex. The black-grain wheat of the domestic variety "Chornobrova" belongs to the functional species among the new valuable colored varieties of wheat. It contains an increased amount of biologically active components concentrated in the husk and germ of the grain. At grain processing plants by-products are formed in the production of flour and cereals, among which the hard shells of grain release in the form of bran, that have a rich source of dietary fibres. The paper describes the breaking bran and grinding bran of black-grained wheat "Chornobrova". They contain up to 78.0% of polysaccharides, among which hemicelluloses and cellulose predominate. Both types of black wheat bran are protein-rich (13.0-15.3%), and the crude fat content does not exceed 2.1%. The non-hydrolyzed residue, represented primarily by lignin, reaches 3.8%. Bran is rich in phenolic compounds – powerful antioxidants with the mass fraction 310.0 mg/100 g. Both types of bran have a water retention and sorption capacity towards toxicants (phenol, Pb2+), cholic acid, methylene blue. As a result of acid treatment of bran, dietary fibre concentrates were obtained, in which non-starch polysaccharides predominate. They are characterized by modified physicochemical properties, namely improved water holding capacity, sorption activity against Pb2+, not inferior to bran in terms of the ability to bind cholic acids and methylene blue. "Chornobrova" wheat bran and dietary fibre concentrates are highly active enterosorbents with antioxidant activity, which can be considered as dietary supplements and food ingredients that should be included in recipes in the development of new functional foods.
Highlights
One of the effective ways to strengthen human health is to introduce dietary fibres (DFs) into the diet, that are mainly represented by complex carbohydrates – cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, β-glucans, resistant starches, polyfructans, oligosaccharides – oligofructans, galactooligosaccharides, lignin and related substances
The biggest contents are easily hydrolyzed polysaccharides (EHP) represented by starch and hemicelluloses (HMC)
Breaking bran contains the same proportions of EHP and hardly hydrolyzed polysaccharides (HHP)
Summary
One of the effective ways to strengthen human health is to introduce dietary fibres (DFs) into the diet, that are mainly represented by complex carbohydrates (structural or non-starch polysaccharides) – cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, β-glucans, resistant starches, polyfructans, oligosaccharides (degree of polymerization more than 3) – oligofructans, galactooligosaccharides, lignin and related substances. DFs as natural enterosorbents have a significant sorption and detoxifying effect: well absorb water, bind some substances that forms in cells and tissues of the body (antiinflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein, antigens, estrogens), some metabolic products of the body (bile acids, lipid complexes, glucose), sorb endo- (excess urea, bilirubin) and exogenous toxic substances of various natures (phenol, salts of heavy metals, radionuclides, food allergens – more often glycoproteins, less polypeptides and haptens), pathogenic bacteria This provides a manifestation of a wide range of important physiological effects with preventive and curative direction: activation of motor function of the digestive organs (DFs change the rate of gastric emptying, and, satiety and loss of appetite, promote the intestinal motility), enable to regulate energy consumption thereby increasing the loss of body mass, and prevent obesity, the risk reducing development of coronary vascular diseases (arterial hypertension, stroke, ischemic heart disease), bile-like disease and certain cancers such as colon carcinoma, small intestine cancer, oral cavity carcinoma, laryngeal cancer and breast cancer. DFs contribute to the Зернові продукти і комбікорми, Vol., I. 4 (80) / 2020 reducing of development type II diabetes by decrease of the glycemic index and acute and chronic intoxications of various origins (soluble DFs increase in a volume in the gastrointestinal tract and form a viscous material, which reduces the duration of contact between potential carcinogens and cells of the small intestinal mucosa), acute seasonal and chronic allergic reactions
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