Black triangles: Preventing their occurrence, managing them when prevention is not practical

Abstract

The interdental papilla is very important for an aesthetic smile. Black triangles are defined as the embrasures cervical to the interproximal contact that are not filled by gingival tissue. These spaces are the most negatively ranked gingival factor by laypeople. Management of black triangles requires high quality diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach must be considered mandatory to achieve a successful clinical outcome. Much of what is applicable is born from severely complicated periodontal regeneration and implant therapy. This review covers the multifactorial etiology and the management of black triangles.