Abstract
Bone fractures pose significant clinical challenges and require innovative solutions for effective treatment and rapid recovery. Nanoscale protein-based materials are prominent in biotechnology and biomedicine, demonstrating versatility in biological processes and drug delivery. Herein, we designed and fabricated self-assembled keratin nanoparticles via a bisphosphonate (BP)-activated conformation-conservative assembly process. We determined the structural properties of the nanoparticles and explored the immunomodulatory and osteoinductivity functions retained from keratin. In addition, the keratin-BP nanoparticles could repair bone fractures. This study on multifunctional self-assembled protein-drug nanoparticles provides useful baseline data for exploring novel therapeutic options for acute bone fracture and other diseases.
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