Abstract
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate bisphenol A (BPA) and its role in the induction of oxidative stress and confirm the same for tobacco smoke. Methods. A total of 223 young, healthy students (7–19 years old) were recruited in Chivasso, Italy. A spot of urine of each subject was analyzed to quantify BPA, cotinine, and 15F2t-isoprostane. Results. BPA showed a slight increase of concentration proportional with increasing age, even though the 11–14 years age group had slightly lower results, inducing a V-shape. The same trend was observed for 15F2t-isoprostane and cotinine. The result of piecewise linear robust regression shows a break point of the effect of BPA on 15F2t-isoprostane at 6 ng/mg CREA (p < 0.001). At higher levels, 15F2t-isoprostane shows an exponential increase by more than threefold for each one-log unit of BPA. An increase of oxidative stress due to BPA was observed, but only from 6 ng/mg of CREA up. Passive tobacco smoke is also able to induce an increase in oxidative stress. Conclusion. Prevention against BPA and passive tobacco smoke represents an important tool for promoting the highest health standard.
Highlights
Due to its endocrine disruptor properties and widespread presence in the human life environment, bisphenol A (BPA) is an important topic in terms of public health
GlcA–BPA shows an increase of concentration proportional with increasing age, even if the intermediate age group (11–14 years) is slightly lower
The findings show that the effect of log GlcA–BPA on 15F2t -IsoP has a threshold value around a breakpoint of 1.79
Summary
Due to its endocrine disruptor properties and widespread presence in the human life environment, bisphenol A (BPA) is an important topic in terms of public health. The monomeric form of BPA is used in plastic food contact materials, in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011/EU on plastic materials coming into contact with foodstuffs. Based on the precautionary principle, in 2011, the European Commission introduced the Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 321/20118, which placed a restriction on the use of BPA in the manufacture of infant feeding bottles. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the general population can be exposed to BPA in external, internal, and aggregated ways via food, dermal contact (cosmetics and thermal paper), drinking water, swimming, and/or breathing indoor and outdoor air [2]. Breast milk represents the main vehicle of human intake of BPA, which determines its highest concentrations in the urine of young children [3]
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