Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are well-known and significant fungal diseases of Vitis vinifera with a worldwide distribution. During August to November 2016 in a survey to characterize fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Kermanshah Province (west of Iran) vineyards, 286 fungal isolates were obtained. Based on morphology and DNA sequences data eight species were identified, of which Biscogniauxia rosacearum, Neoscytalidium hyalinum and Phaeoacremonium minimum were the most aggressive fungal pathogenic species characterized in this research. N. hyalinum was the most prevalent species. N. hyalinum and Ph. minimum have previously been reported from Vitis vinifera. Thus far, there are two records of Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Biscogniauxia capnodes on grapevine in the world with no data on pathology aspects. To our knowledge, it is the first time B. rosacearum is reported from grapevine across the globe. Pathogenicity test with three strains of B. rosacearum on 2-year-old potted grapevines confirmed the pathogenicity of B. rosacearum on grapevine. The proximity of vineyards to the oak trees in Zagros forests as one of the plant hosts of Biscogniauxia spp. further highlights the need for extensive studies on B. rosacearum as a new fungal pathogen.
Highlights
Vitis vinifera L. cultivars are the most widely planted trees around the globe with a high commercial value for fresh table grape, dried fruit, and wine production
Based on morphological studies fungal isolates were divided to 12 morphological groups identified as Alternaria, Aspergillus, Biscogniauxia, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Cytospora, Neoscytalidium, Penicillium, Phaeoacremonium, Pestalotia-like, Phoma-like and a phialidic group
Cultural characteristics, microscopic features and geographic location 78 fungal isolates belong to Biscogniauxia (11 isolates), Curvularia (5 isolates), Neoscytalidium (17 isolates), Phaeoacremonium (10 isolates), Pestalotia-like (10 isolates), Phoma-like (20 isolates) and phialidic group (5 isolates) were selected for molecular studies
Summary
Vitis vinifera L. cultivars are the most widely planted trees around the globe with a high commercial value for fresh table grape, dried fruit, and wine production. Only two species of Biscogniauxia capnodes and Biscogniauxia mediterranea have been reported from Vitis in Taiwan and United S tates[17]. B. rosacearum characterized as a closely related species to B. mediterranea on seven different forest and fruit trees from Iran, Italy, Portugal and S pain[20]. They confirmed the pathogenicity of B. rosacearum and recorded the charcoal canker symptom caused on pear, plum and quince trees. We report B. rosacearum from vineyards showing grapevine trunk diseases symptoms and confirm pathogenicity of this species on V. vinifera for the first time. Based on our knowledge after B. capnodes from Taiwan, B. rosacearum is the second species of Biscogniauxia that is reported here from Vitis vinifera
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