Biotechnological Production of the Cell Penetrating Antifungal PAF102 Peptide in Pichia pastoris.

Crina Popa,Xiaoqing Shi,María Coca,Tarik Ruiz,Pau Ferrer

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01472

Abstract

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have potent and durable antimicrobial activity to a wide range of fungi and bacteria. The growing problem of drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms, together with the lack of new effective compounds, has stimulated interest in developing AMPs as anti-infective molecules. PAF102 is an AMP that was rationally designed for improved antifungal properties. This cell penetrating peptide has potent and specific activity against major fungal pathogens. Cecropin A is a natural AMP with strong and fast lytic activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens, including multidrug resistant pathogens. Both peptides, PAF102 and Cecropin A, are alternative antibiotic compounds. However, their exploitation requires fast, cost-efficient production systems. Here, we developed an innovative system to produce AMPs in Pichia pastoris using the oleosin fusion technology. Oleosins are plant-specific proteins with a structural role in lipid droplet formation and stabilization, which are used as carriers for recombinant proteins to lipid droplets in plant-based production systems. This study reports the efficient production of PAF102 in P. pastoris when fused to the rice plant Oleosin 18, whereas no accumulation of Cecropin A was detected. The Ole18-PAF102 fusion protein targets the lipid droplets of the heterologous system where it accumulates to high levels. Interestingly, the production of this fusion protein induces the formation of lipid droplets in yeast cells, which can be additionally enhanced by the coexpression of a diacylglycerol transferase gene that allows a three-fold increase in the production of the fusion protein. Using this high producer strain, PAF102 reaches commercially relevant yields of up to 180 mg/l of yeast culture. Moreover, the accumulation of PAF102 in the yeast lipid droplets facilitates its downstream extraction and recovery by flotation on density gradients, with the recovered PAF102 being biologically active against pathogenic fungi. Our results demonstrate that plant oleosin fusion technology can be transferred to the well-established P. pastoris cell factory to produce the PAF102 antifungal peptide, and potentially other AMPs, for multiple applications in crop protection, food preservation and animal and human therapies.

Highlights

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural compounds with antimicrobial activity toward a wide range of fungi and bacteria
Confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed the GFP signal surrounding spherical intracellular vesicles with diameters of 0.1–1 μm (Figure 1B). These vesicles co-localized with those labeled with Nile red, a fluorescent stain for neutral lipids used as an lipid droplets (LDs) marker (Greenspan et al, 1985). These results indicate that the Ole18-GFP fusion protein is produced and accumulates mostly in the periphery of LDs of P. pastoris cells
This study reports that P. pastoris is an excellent cell factory for the fast and efficient biotechnological production of the antifungal PAF102 peptide, and probably other PAF peptides

Summary

Introduction

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural compounds with antimicrobial activity toward a wide range of fungi and bacteria They are a diverse group of peptides with no consensus sequence associated to their biological activity but sharing common features: most of them are cationic, relatively hydrophobic and amphipathic molecules (Zasloff, 2002). AMPs have different mechanisms of action to other antimicrobials, reinforcing their enormous potential as a complement to conventional antibiotics. They have multiple applications in medical therapies, food preservation and crop protection (Marcos et al, 2008; López-García et al, 2012; Montesinos et al, 2012; Kang et al, 2017)

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