Biotechnological production of oyster mushroom spawn on wheat grain of different varieties

Abstract

Purpose. To investigate the influence of the varietal properties of grain of different winter wheat varieties on the growth of the secondary mycelium of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus NK-35 strain. Methods. The studies were conducted at the Department of Ecobiotechnology and Biodiversity of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine during 2015-2018 with bread winter wheat varieties bred at the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat Berehynia myronivska, Zymoiarka, Myrliena, Myronivska 65, Smuhlianka, Podolianka. There were used biotechnological (obtaining and subculturing NK-35 strain in vitro), microbiological (obtaining pure culture of the fungus, studying the cultural properties of the colonies, measuring the pH of nutrient medium), mycological methods (measuring the speed, determining the radial growth of mycelium, biological effectiveness of the fungus), statistical methods. Results. During the experiment, it was found that the maximum fouling the medium by the mycelium occurs on the twenty-first day. Studies on obtaining the mycelium Pleurotus ostreatus on different grain material indicate that for the production of oyster mushroom mycelium, it is advisable to use winter wheat grain. For obtaining the primary mycelium in order to further develop the secondary mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus, the best nutrient medium was oats decoction with the addition of oak tree bark decoction. In this case the radial growth of the primary mycelium was 210.4 mm. It is shown the dependence of the growth rate of mycelium on the variety of wheat, dates, and cultivation regimes effectively influencing the technology for the production of secondary mycelium. The advantages of wheat grain substrate are increased viability and rapid mycelium growth. The best results were obtained when grain was inoculated using the agar block method using a layer-by-layer method (increase of mycelium of 5.1 mm/day) in contrast to the method of sowing by the loop (3.6 mm/day). Conclusions. For producing oyster mushroom mycelium, we suggest using the winter wheat varieties Myronivska 65 and Myrliena as a grain substrate.