Abstract
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using endophytic bacteria is a safe alternative to the traditional chemical method. The purpose of this research is to biosynthesize AgNPs using endophytic bacterium Bacillus endophyticus strain H3 isolated from onion. The biosynthesized AgNPs with sizes from 4.17 to 26.9 nm were confirmed and characterized by various physicochemical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in addition to an energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) profile. The biosynthesized AgNPs at a concentration of 40 μg/mL had a strong antifungal activity against rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae with an inhibition rate of 88% in mycelial diameter. Moreover, the biosynthesized AgNPs significantly inhibited spore germination and appressorium formation of M. oryzae. Additionally, microscopic observation showed that mycelia morphology was swollen and abnormal when dealing with AgNPs. Overall, the current study revealed that AgNPs could protect rice plants against fungal infections.
Highlights
IntroductionOne of the basic hindrances to the growth of rice crops is the infection of various fungal diseases, rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, which poses a serious threat to global food safety through the loss of 10–30% of rice production, enough rice for about 60 million people [1,3,4]
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the largest food crop in the world [1,2]
One of the basic hindrances to the growth of rice crops is the infection of various fungal diseases, rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, which poses a serious threat to global food safety through the loss of 10–30% of rice production, enough rice for about 60 million people [1,3,4]
Summary
One of the basic hindrances to the growth of rice crops is the infection of various fungal diseases, rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, which poses a serious threat to global food safety through the loss of 10–30% of rice production, enough rice for about 60 million people [1,3,4]. The desired goal of controlling the disease has not so far been achieved and there are serious consequences of the excessive use of fungicide on humans, ecosystems and the production of fungicide-resistant strains [5,6]. For all these risks, it is extremely important to find an alternative way to control rice blast disease.
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