Biostimulation of mandibular condyle growth

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Skeletal Class II malocclusion has been called the common orthodontic problem in orthodontic clinics. These malocclusions are often due to mandibular deficiency. Various fixed and removable functional appliances have been used for the treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion in patients who are undergoing a pubertal growth spurt. The results obtained from human and experimental animal studies showed that functional treatment of skeletal Class II treatment enhances the backward and upward growth potential of the mandibular condyle, and this mechanism provides forward movement of the lower jaw. Many studies reported that the adaptive remodeling of condylar cartilage and glenoid fossa increases with the aid of mechanical forces sourced from a functional appliance. One of the most important factors in mandibular advancement is to provide the condylar cellular activity in a shorter treatment time. The duration of functional appliance therapy depends on several factors such as patient age, sex, severity of the skeletal problem, and appliance type. The functional treatment period varies between 6 and 24 months. The patients undergoing orthodontic treatment often complain about the length of treatment time. In many studies, different techniques such as low level laser, ultrasound stimulation, anabolic steroids, growth hormone, and cyclosporine have been used to reduce functional treatment time and stimulate the condylar cartilage and bone. The purpose of this review is to describe biostimulation of mandibular condyle growth and evaluate the various techniques for mandibular condyle biostimulation.