Abstract
This work presents a novel approach to detecting stress differences between experts and novices in Situation Awareness (SA) tasks during maritime navigation using one type of wearable sensor, Empatica E4 Wristband. We propose that for a given workload state, the values of biosignal data collected from wearable sensor vary in experts and novices. We describe methods to conduct a designed SA task experiment, and collected the biosignal data on subjects sailing on a 240° view simulator. The biosignal data were analysed by using a machine learning algorithm, a Convolutional Neural Network. The proposed algorithm showed that the biosingal data associated with the experts can be categorized as different from that of the novices, which is in line with the results of NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) rating scores. This study can contribute to the development of a self-training system in maritime navigation in further studies.
Highlights
This study discovers that the stress level varies according to the experience of the seafarers, which matters in the performance of situation awareness (SA) during the maritime navigation
The data collected from 10 participants with 4 sailing sections and 4 different signal channels (EDA, blood volume pulse (BVP), body temperatures and heart rate (HR)), i.e., the data comprises 160 rows and 67 columns in total
We propose a deep learning approach using Bayesian optimization for classifying the biosignal data of navigators during the maritime operation
Summary
The classic methodology for maritime training generally involves multiple sensors in addition to simulator for improving situation awareness (SA) in maritime navigation and seafaring skills [1]. The purpose of this study is to determine if a wearable sensor can be used to detect stress changes with skills during a maritime navigation task. We define stress as the task requirement for both experienced seafarers (experts) and novices (students). We collected the biosignal data of subjects for indicating the stress differences under the SA tasks during maritime navigation. Biosignal data including electrodermal activity (EDA), body temperature, blood volume pulse (BVP) and heart rate (HR) are some of the indicators to present the stress level, since stress is the body’s reaction to pressure and a physical response to situations in which people feel threatened
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