Aspects on the use of GNSS technology in maritime and fluvial navigation

Abstract

It presents the use of global navigation technology, NAVSTAR-GPS and GLONASS systems in maritime navigation and some aspects that are encountered in maritime navigation, using these systems. The use of GNSS technology in maritime navigation is beneficial and at the same time it can be used in the civil domain, the system which is eminently civil, being the Galileo European positioning system. Commercial vessels sailing on the seas and on the planetary oceans can be monitored and managed in real time, if the GNSS-type global positioning systems are used. The global positioning systems of the GNSS type include all the positioning systems, but especially those of the NAVSTAR-GPS, GLONASS, GALILELO, BEIDOU type. The advantages of using in the navigation of global positioning systems is unmatched and it makes sailing much more useful and safer on the seas and oceans of the earth. River navigation is a component of trade and water transport, which can be managed using modern means of navigation by satellite type GNSS, Romania participating with neighboring countries in different European programs. There is a brief introduction of the notion of global positioning system to the general mode and a specific appreciation of each global positioning system in part and to the general mode of GNSS global positioning systems. Important aspects are presented in the use of GNSS technology, in the maritime and related fields, the advantages of this technology in relation to the classical technologies and the judicious cooperation in the extreme cases between the two technologies. The sources of positioning errors in the use of global GNSS positioning systems and the methods by which they can be eliminated or reduced are presented. It presents the calculation of the navigation coordinates in different projection systems and the stages of transformation of the coordinates in the WGS-84 system, specific to the Navstar-GPS positioning system in different coordinate and projection systems. Maritime navigation is guided by specific methods, but lately, global positioning systems are a beneficial presence in the steering and navigation component of the world’s seas and oceans. Finally, conclusions and proposals regarding the judicious and beneficial use of the GNSS positioning system in navigation are presented.