Abstract
Due to the serious threat of invasive fungal infections, there is an emergent need for improved a sensitive and more accurate diagnostic tests for detection of systemic pathogenic fungi and plant health. Traditional fungal diagnosis can only be achieved at later growing phases. The complex and difficult immunodiagnostic is also widely employed. Enzyme-based immunoassays which lead to cross-interaction with different fungi still also obeyed. A polymerase chain reactions (PCRs)- based molecular diagnosis are does not enable precise identification of fungal pathogens, or the ability to test isolates for drug sensitivity. In the future, biosensing technologies and nanotechnological tools, will improve diagnosis of pathogenic fungi through a specific and sensitive pathogen detection. This report systematically reviews the most prominent biosensor trends for fungi detection.
Highlights
Fungal Kingdom almost involves one million classes and only 400 of them cause disease and being harmful to humans.1 Yeast fungi, as Candida albicans, usually related to commensal symbiont in human hosts and considered extremely opportunistic pathogen.2,3Clinical measurements showed that the aggressive fungal infections have rapidly been growing for last years
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Biosensors (FREBs) have been used in several medical applications for multiple analytes label-free biodetection accompanied with high sensitivity
Conclusion and final remarks Current culture-based methodologies to detect and identify fungal pathogens are too slow with low success rates due to the decreased sensitivity of blood culture structures to detect these slow growing microorganisms
Summary
Fungal Kingdom almost involves one million classes and only 400 of them cause disease and being harmful to humans. Yeast fungi, as Candida albicans, usually related to commensal symbiont in human hosts and considered extremely opportunistic pathogen.. Despite new antifungal therapeutic approaches, increased mortality rates caused by fungal diseases remains a serious challenge.. Despite new antifungal therapeutic approaches, increased mortality rates caused by fungal diseases remains a serious challenge.4,5 Under such circumstances, there is an increasing demand for the early, reliable, and fast detection of these infections at their initial phase of development, which is essential for effective treatments as well as the reduction of deaths and medical costs.. Biosensor is a bio-analytical tool that combines the bio-recognition unit with a signal transducer to translate the response of analytes into a quantifiable signal that is directly related to the analytes amounts [Fig. 1].7. Nanotechnology provide various new analytical protocols, assemblies, and nanostructures for bio-detection, as a result of the nano-size and abnormal physico-chemical features of nanoparticles. Nanotechnology applications to biosensor have been progressively utilized to yield an enhanced pioneering tools for envisaging disease detection and diagnosis.
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