Abstract
Lab-on-a-Disc (LoaD) biosensors are increasingly a promising solution for many biosensing applications. In the search for a perfect match between point-of-care (PoC) microfluidic devices and biosensors, the LoaD platform has the potential to be reliable, sensitive, low-cost, and easy-to-use. The present global pandemic draws attention to the importance of rapid sample-to-answer PoC devices for minimising manual intervention and sample manipulation, thus increasing the safety of the health professional while minimising the chances of sample contamination. A biosensor is defined by its ability to measure an analyte by converting a biological binding event to tangible analytical data. With evolving manufacturing processes for both LoaDs and biosensors, it is becoming more feasible to embed biosensors within the platform and/or to pair the microfluidic cartridges with low-cost detection systems. This review considers the basics of the centrifugal microfluidics and describes recent developments in common biosensing methods and novel technologies for fluidic control and automation. Finally, an overview of current devices on the market is provided. This review will guide scientists who want to initiate research in LoaD PoC devices as well as providing valuable reference material to researchers active in the field.
Highlights
The development of microfluidic biosensors with rapid, sensitive, and selective response has been the focus of many research laboratories
We aim to provide an accessible guide for the ample audience of biosensor researchers with interest in leveraging LoaD
The LoaD architecture is created in a computer-aided design (CAD) software, and each layer is previously processed by techniques as replica moulding, xurography, laser ablation, etc
Summary
The development of microfluidic biosensors with rapid, sensitive, and selective response has been the focus of many research laboratories. Alongside the favourable features listed above, a key advantage of the LoaD platform is the capability to apply centrifugation to the preparation of the sample for the biosensor This is useful when processing complex sample matrices such as whole blood; here, for example, it can be separated into its constituent components (plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells) in a single step [21]. Lab-on-a-Chip platforms (which are often called micro total analysis systems (μTAS)) that are based on LoaD platform are suitable for point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics in low-resource settings Application of these platforms in poor and remote areas is termed extreme point-of-care [28].
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