Abstract
ABSTRACT The evaluation of the bioremediation potential of microbial with dyes in solid and liquid culture media has been described, but prior studies have not mentioned which culture method is most appropriate for selection of microorganisms. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the bioremediation potential of filamentous fungi in liquid and solid culture media with methylene blue. The fungi isolates tested were Pleurotus ostreatoroseus (POR-SP1, POR-SP2), P. ostreatus (DF39, EF58 and EF60), Pycnoporus sanguineus (PS) and Fusidium sp. (FUS). The methylene blue concentrations tested were 0, 5, 10, and 50 mg L-1 in the solid medium and 0, 5, 25, 50, and 100 mg L-1 in the liquid medium. In the solid medium, the mycelial diameters of DF39, EF58, FUS, and PS were not influenced by the increase in dye concentration. In the liquid medium, DF39, EF58, EF60, and FUS showed a constant methylene blue degradation rate with increasing dye concentration. The dye degradation rate was correlated with the pH of the liquid medium for EF58, EF60, and FUS. The lower diameter growth in the solid medium did not influence the methylene blue dye degradation rate in the liquid medium.
Highlights
The consumption of pesticides and the dumping of chemical residues from industrial and domestic sources have contributed to environmental contamination for food, animals, and humans (Soares et al, 2011; Gomes; Barizon, 2014).According to Guimarães et al (2010), projections indicate the possibility of a 50% increase in contaminated areas that require remediation in Europe by 2025
The mycelial growth was adjusted to the linear regression model for EF58 and to the polynomial for Fusidium sp.; for DF39 and Pycnoporus sanguineus (PS), the mycelial growth was not adjusted to any regression model (Table 1)
It was not possible to quantify the percentage of degradation of the dye in the solid medium, discoloration of the culture medium was observed with isolates DF39, EF58, Fusidium sp. (FUS), and PS, indicating the degradation of the dye
Summary
The consumption of pesticides and the dumping of chemical residues from industrial and domestic sources have contributed to environmental contamination (soil, air, and water resources) for food, animals, and humans (Soares et al, 2011; Gomes; Barizon, 2014).According to Guimarães et al (2010), projections indicate the possibility of a 50% increase in contaminated areas that require remediation in Europe by 2025. Bioremediation consists of a process that uses microorganisms or plants to break down, neutralize or reduce pollutants in the environment, and it is considered a viable alternative for the treatment of soil and effluents (Moreira; Siqueira, 2006). It depends on environmental conditions and the contaminant and microorganism employed (Zhu et al, 2013; Skariyachan et al, 2016). Filamentous fungi play an important role in bioremediation due to their metabolic capacity to degrade different toxic and recalcitrant compounds, such as organic pollutants, textile dyes, textile effluents, petroleum, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, plastics, and pesticides (Ferraz, 2004; Deshmukh; Khardenavis; Purohit, 2016).
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