Biorefinery approach with green solvents for the valorization of Citrus reticulata leaves to obtain antioxidant and anticholinergic extracts

Abstract

Citrus reticulata L leaves are one of the main post-harvest byproduct, containing bioactive compounds, that are usually undervalued. This work describes the development of a biorefinery process based on the application of supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) followed by ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NaDES) to extract bioactive terpenoids and phenolic compounds from these leaves. Extraction temperature and pressure of SC-CO2 were optimized, obtaining the highest bioactive terpenoids content using 200 bar at 60 °C. A Box-Behnken experimental design showed that 57% of water in NaDES composed of Choline Chloride and Glycerol (1:2) as extraction solvent at 25 °C for 50 min were the optimal UAE-NaDES extraction conditions to obtain the highest bioactive phenolic content from the residue of the optimal SC-CO2 extraction. The optimum extract presented the highest bioactivity and polyphenol content determined by LC-DAD-MS compared with extracts obtained using only water or NaDES as solvent.