Abstract
Groundwater is under heavily threat owing to enormous infilteration of dairy farm originated wastewater into it. The anoxic environment in the groundwater due to mixing of organic rich wastewater can produce significant alterations in the groundwater quality. It is therefore necessary to treat such wastewaters before discharging to surrounding areas. Therefore, in this study we evaluated a hybrid constructed wetland (CW) system(40 m2 area) consisting of three beds, i.e. Vertical (16 m2) – Horizontal (18 m2) – Vertical (6 m2) connected in series for the treatment of dairy farm wastewater under typical high humid climate in northern India. Tropical perennial plant such as Arundo donax L. was grown on both vertical beds, whereas Hibiscus esculentus L. and Solanum melongena L. were grown on the horizontal bed of the system.The average purification of TSS, BOD3, total N, and P was significant (p < 0.05) in HF bed and recorded as 92.2 ± 6.1, 95 ± 3.8, 83.6 ± 9.0 and 86.1 ± 10.0% respectively.The average load of BOD3, total N, and P in the influent and effluent was recorded (with no significant differences, p > 0.05) as 7.0 ± 7.17, 1.9 ± 0.7, 0.72 ± 0.5 g m−2 day−1and 0.3 ± 0.2, 0.3 ± 0.2 and 0.04 ± 0.01 g m−2 day−1 respectively.The average values of total biomass content of Arundo donax L. were differed significantly and recorded as 0.31 ± 0.06, 0.43 ± 0.17, and 0.43 ± 0.16 g g−1 fresh wt. in control, VF-1, and VF-2 respectively. Therefore, the hybrid CW system can be efficiently used for the treatment of dairy farm wastewater with implications on groundwater and health. Future research may focus on performance analysis of upgraded combined anaerobic reactor and hybrid CW system planted with series of macrophytes for on-site treatment of high strength dairy farm wastewater in tropical regions.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.