Abstract
AbstractLiving materials, which are fabricated by encapsulating living biological cells within a non‐living matrix, have gained increasing attention in recent years. Their fabrication in spatially defined patterns that are mechanically robust is essential for their optimal functional performance but is difficult to achieve. Here, a bioprinting technique employing environmentally friendly chemistry to encapsulate microalgae within an alginate hydrogel matrix is reported. The bioprinted photosynthetic structures adopt pre‐designed geometries at millimeter‐scale resolution. A bacterial cellulose substrate confers exceptional advantages to this living material, including strength, toughness, flexibility, robustness, and retention of physical integrity against extreme physical distortions. The bioprinted materials possess sufficient mechanical strength to be self‐standing, and can be detached and reattached onto different surfaces. Bioprinted materials can survive stably for a period of at least 3 days without nutrients, and their life can be further extended by transferring them to a fresh source of nutrients within this timeframe. These bioprints are regenerative, that is, they can be reused and expanded to print additional living materials. The fabrication of the bioprinted living materials can be readily up‐scaled (up to ≥70 cm × 20 cm), highlighting their potential product applications including artificial leaves, photosynthetic bio‐garments, and adhesive labels.
Highlights
IntroductionWe will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim
Living materials can be 3D printed by depositing living cells onto a non-living matrix in a layer-by-layer fashion
We investigated the growth of the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii on bacterial cellulose
Summary
We will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This work is downloaded from Delft University of Technology. 1. Introduction within a non-living matrix, have gained increasing attention in recent years. Introduction within a non-living matrix, have gained increasing attention in recent years Their fabrication in spatially defined patterns that are mechanically robust is essential for their optimal functional performance but is difficult to achieve. The bioprinted materials possess sufficient mechanical strength to compounds, or self-healing capacibe self-standing, and can be detached and reattached onto different surfaces
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