Bioorthogonal reactions and AIEgen-based metabolically engineered theranostic systems

Abstract

Metabolic labeling based on bioorthogonal click chemistry has transformed the way living entities are manipulated in biological environments to enable more targeted, effective, and safer theranostic applications. Since the first demonstrations of this strategy, many other metabolic labeling approaches have been formulated to incorporate additional functionalities, such as those based on fluorogens with aggregation-induced emission characteristic (AIEgens), for light-up bioimaging and image-guided disease therapy. In this perspective, we discuss the emergence and development of AIEgen-based theranostic systems for bioorthogonal metabolic engineering and labeling. First, we highlight the fundamental principles guiding the design of AIEgen-based bioorthogonal metabolic labeling. Next, we describe the formulation and applications of different AIEgen-based synthetic and living theranostic systems for cancer and pathogenic bacterial imaging and ablation. We then provide our outlook on the current challenges, potential opportunities, and future research directions of this emerging field. Metabolic labeling based on bioorthogonal click chemistry has transformed the way living entities are manipulated in biological environments to enable more targeted, effective, and safer theranostic applications. Since the first demonstrations of this strategy, many other metabolic labeling approaches have been formulated to incorporate additional functionalities, such as those based on fluorogens with aggregation-induced emission characteristic (AIEgens), for light-up bioimaging and image-guided disease therapy. In this perspective, we discuss the emergence and development of AIEgen-based theranostic systems for bioorthogonal metabolic engineering and labeling. First, we highlight the fundamental principles guiding the design of AIEgen-based bioorthogonal metabolic labeling. Next, we describe the formulation and applications of different AIEgen-based synthetic and living theranostic systems for cancer and pathogenic bacterial imaging and ablation. We then provide our outlook on the current challenges, potential opportunities, and future research directions of this emerging field. The certainty of a few good reactionsMoorhouse et al.ChemApril 19, 2023In BriefThe 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was the crowning glory for the already vindicated field of click chemistry. At its heart, the click approach toward discovering functional molecules relies upon the dependability of a core family of privileged chemical reactions. Focusing on what we believe are significant developments that enrich the click chemistry toolbox from the perspective of medicinal chemistry, we hope this account inspires the search for new functions and click chemistries. Full-Text PDF