Abstract
This review provides a systematic overview of the spatial and temporal variations in the content of biomolecular constituents of Saccharina latissima on the basis of 34 currently available scientific studies containing primary measurements. We demonstrate the potential revenue of seaweed production and biorefinery systems by compiling a product portfolio of high-value extract products. An investigation into the endogenous rhythms and extrinsic factors that impact the biomolecular composition of S. latissima is presented, and key performance factors for optimizing seaweed production are identified. Besides the provisioning ecosystem service, we highlight the contribution of green-engineered seaweed production systems to the mitigation of the ongoing and historical anthropogenic disturbances of the climate balance and nutrient flows. We conclude that there are risks of mismanagement, and we stress the importance and necessity of creating an adaptive ecosystem-based management framework within a triple-helix partnership for balancing the utilization of ecosystem services and long-term resilience of aquatic environment.
Highlights
There is increasing interest in using seaweed for its potential use as a feedstock in various applications [1]
We carried out a screening of the retrieved records according to PRISMA guidelines to limit the scope to primary research articles containing the composition data of S. latissima samples, which were collected from the wild stocks or offshore cultivation systems
This indicates the essential role of life history, which basically describes the interactions between endogenous rhythms and local-scale extrinsic factors, in determining the biomolecular composition of S. latissima
Summary
There is increasing interest in using seaweed for its potential use as a feedstock in various applications [1]. Asia has a long history of cultivating seaweed for human consumption, as well as other uses, such as the production of soil improver, feed supplements, and hydrocolloids [2]. In the Western world, the interest in seaweed cultivation originates from its potential role as a third-generation feedstock for biofuel production. Eu/), and FucoSan (https://www.fucosan.eu/en)) has shifted toward the extraction of bioactive molecules in seaweeds with unique functional properties. (sketch shown in Figure 1; general information about S. latissima presented in Table 1) and has received growing interest for large-scale offshore cultivation due to its potential for high biomass yield and its richness in valuable biochemical compounds. Common S. latissima production systems, including long-line [3] and integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) [4], are mostly designed using processes (nursing, deployment, and harvesting) that mimic the natural reproduction cycle of S. latissima and parameters that replicate the favorable environmental conditions identified for wild stocks [5]
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