Abstract
Materials based on biodegradable polyesters, such as poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) or poly(butylene terephthalate-co-poly(alkylene glycol) terephthalate) (PBTAT), have potential application as pro-regenerative scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Herein, the preparation of films composed of PBT or PBTAT and an engineered spider silk protein, (eADF4(C16)), that displays multiple carboxylic acid moieties capable of binding calcium ions and facilitating their biomineralization with calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate is reported. Human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on films mineralized with calcium phosphate show enhanced levels of alkaline phosphatase activity suggesting that such composites have potential use for bone tissue engineering.
Highlights
IntroductionWhile non-biodegradable materials (e.g., metals, polyethylene and polyetheretherketone [2,3]) are commonly used to manufacture components for certain applications in bone tissue, for instance hip replacements, there are issues with these materials, such as inflammation, metal sensitivity and toxicity, and solutions to these issues are the subject of ongoing research [2,3]
Bones are composed of mixtures of inorganic material, predominantly calcium phosphate in the form of carbonated hydroxyapatite, and organic material, predominantly collagen, and many different materials and manufacturing methodologies are used in the development of bone tissue scaffolds [1].While non-biodegradable materials are commonly used to manufacture components for certain applications in bone tissue, for instance hip replacements, there are issues with these materials, such as inflammation, metal sensitivity and toxicity, and solutions to these issues are the subject of ongoing research [2,3]
The recombinantly produced silk protein was based on the consensus motif of the repetitive core domain of one of the major ampullate silk fibroins of the garden cross spider (A. diadematus fibroin 4)
Summary
While non-biodegradable materials (e.g., metals, polyethylene and polyetheretherketone [2,3]) are commonly used to manufacture components for certain applications in bone tissue, for instance hip replacements, there are issues with these materials, such as inflammation, metal sensitivity and toxicity, and solutions to these issues are the subject of ongoing research [2,3]. Preclinical studies in various animal models showed that the degradation rate of scaffolds based on PBT and/or PBTAT were dictated by the precise composition of the polymer backbone, which suggests that it may be possible to tailor-make such materials for specific conditions or patients; and in mammals, PBTAT-based materials encouraged bone growth, which motivates the development of PBT-/PBTAT-based scaffolds for bone regeneration [20,21,22,23]
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