Biomimetic approach towards the preparation of hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite/chitosan/β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles: application to controlled drug release

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and hydroxyapatite/chitosan/β-cyclodextrin (HAp/CS/β-CD) nanoparticles were successfully prepared in the modified simulated body fluid (SBF) solution at the physiological conditions (pH 7.4, temperature = 37 °C). CS/β-CD nanoparticles acted as templates for the synthesis of HAp/CS/β-CD nanoparticles to improve the nanoarchitecture of HAp and its crystallinity.The nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Kneading and coprecipitation methods were applied to prepare the inclusion complex involving β-CD and p-THPP (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin), a photosensitizer for anti-cancer drugs. The 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of the formed inclusion complex was characterized by a formation constant of 7.216 × 102 mol−1 dm3 and analyzed by 1H NMR, FTIR, and UV–Vis. The p-THPP delivery release in vitro was in this order: HAp/CS/β-CD < CS/β-CD < < HAp/β-CD < β-CD, hinting at a better controlled release by HAp/CS/β-CD nanoparticles.