Abstract
Background. The physiological changes of tooth are the criteria used in evaluation of regressive formula by Kvaal et al. age estimation technique. But in cases of abnormal occlusion, abnormal chewing habits, bruxism, abrasive factors or structural defects of teeth the intensity of tooth aging accelerates.Objective. The aim of the research was to define the options of age estimation according to dental state of individuals with pathological attrition.Methods. 108 panoramic x-ray photos of patients with pathological attrition of teeth were chosen by a randomized selection (49 males and 59 females). All photos were made by means of Planmeca PROMAX orthopantomograph. Nine measurements were made for each tooth: the tooth length, pulp length, root length, root width and pulp width at three different levels: cement-enamel junction (level A, beginning of root), one-quarter of root length from a cement-enamel junction (level B), and mid-root (level C). Due to these measurements, a number of ratios were calculated in accordance with Kvaal et al. method.Results. The errors that reached 27±8.4 years were found when evaluating the dental age using primary coefficients of equations suggested by the authors of the method used. By means of mathematical analyses, principal component regression method as well, the correlation coefficient of Pearson and method of combining linear regression due to the tooth changes in cases of pathological attrition (lowering level of occlusal surface, dystrophy of pulp structures and deposition of tertiary reparative dentine) by regression analysis, the modified formulas for age estimation using radiographic technique were found. Modified coefficients decreased the error to 13±0.8 years, which was relative to the real age upto nearly 42-48% compared to the primary coefficients of equations for pathological attrition.Conclusions. Age estimation technique can be improved taking into account morphological changes in pathological attrition and the calculated coefficients make it possible to expand the circle of person’s age which needs to be found.
Highlights
Estimation of biological age of a person is significant in forensic science, especially for comparative and reconstructive identification antemortem and postmortem as recommended by Interpol/ICPO (International Criminal Police Organization) and FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)
Age estimation technique can be improved taking into account morphological changes in pathological attrition and the calculated coefficients make it possible to expand the circle of person’s age which needs to be found
In the research we have found out that the attrition is caused by bruxism, abnormal occlusion due to dispositioned tooth, and inadequate prosthetic treatment may cause proportional constant intense deposition of tertiary reparative dentine and lowering of occlusal surface depending on pathology stage [12]
Summary
Estimation of biological age of a person is significant in forensic science, especially for comparative and reconstructive identification antemortem and postmortem as recommended by Interpol/ICPO (International Criminal Police Organization) and FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation). The most rational method which excludes extraction of teeth and subjective grading of morphological indicators is Kvaal et al technique, which involves calculating the ratio of length of crown and root to the length of pulp, width of root to the width of pulp in designated areas, searches averages and uses standardized coefficients for the final result This technique does not provide the effective use in cases of the presence of hard tissue lesions of teeth, pathological attrition is the most common. Formation of reparative tertiary dentine, closing volume of pulp chamber and dystrophy processes take place in pulp structure that is unusual for physiological attrition [14,15,16,17,18,19,20] Due to all these factors and principles we have approbated primary method of Kvaal et al age estimation technique and found modified regression formulas that approximate the calculation results with the real age. In cases of abnormal occlusion, abnormal chewing habits, bruxism, abrasive factors or structural defects of teeth the intensity of tooth aging accelerates
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