Biomedical Application of Cotton and Its Derivatives

Abstract

Cotton and its derivate are widely studied and used as a medical and biomedical product in the “Health care textile” aria. The cotton-based materials have been used in external (surgical clothing, surgical covers, and beddings) and internal (traditional and advanced wound dressing, tissue engineering, drug delivery, surgical area, and dental applications) application. For the use in the internal application, the biomaterials have to pass many in vitro and in vivo tests due to the final application. Cotton is used to cover the wound as a barrier for bacterial penetrate and keep the wound aria warm since 19 century. Due to different medical demands, the modification of cotton has been developed to meet the diverse requirements with different biomaterial applications. The cotton has unique properties such as high surface area, favorable mechanical property, gas permeability, cellulose fibers, etc. which makes it a good candidate for use in medical and biomedical applications. Nowadays, due to innovations, novel and ultra-modern biomaterials are available. The researchers are developing new functional cotton base biomaterials at an incredible rate. The health care textile aims to bring comfort and better treatment for patients in their painful days. The huge study has been physically and chemically modified the structure of cotton gauze. Chemical modifications such as etherification, oxidation, and phosphorylation of cotton gauze have been studied to develop wound dressing for different kinds of wounds. Cotton has the capability to deliver the drug in the wound area, which can be stimulation responsive or non-stimulation responsive. In the surgical application, the cotton is used as surgical sutures and cotton rolls. It has been widely used in tissue engineering and dental application also. This study aims to summarize the development of the biomedical use of cotton and its derivatives.