Abstract
BackgroundA fundamental pre-requisite for the clinical success in dental implant surgery is the fast and stable implant osseointegration. The press-fit phenomenon occurring at implant insertion induces biomechanical effects in the bone tissues, which ensure implant primary stability. In the field of dental surgery, the understanding of the key factors governing the osseointegration process still remains of utmost importance. A thorough analysis of the biomechanics of dental implantology requires a detailed knowledge of bone mechanical properties as well as an accurate definition of the jaw bone geometry.MethodsIn this work, a CT image-based approach, combined with the Finite Element Method (FEM), has been used to investigate the effect of the drill size on the biomechanics of the dental implant technique. A very accurate model of the human mandible bone segment has been created by processing high resolution micro-CT image data. The press-fit phenomenon has been simulated by FE analyses for different common drill diameters (DA = 2.8 mm, DB = 3.3 mm, and DC = 3.8 mm) with depth L = 12 mm. A virtual implant model has been assumed with a cylindrical geometry having height L = 11 mm and diameter D = 4 mm.ResultsThe maximum stresses calculated for drill diameters DA, DB and DC have been 12.31 GPa, 7.74 GPa and 4.52 GPa, respectively. High strain values have been measured in the cortical area for the models of diameters DA and DB, while a uniform distribution has been observed for the model of diameter DC . The maximum logarithmic strains, calculated in nonlinear analyses, have been ϵ = 2.46, 0.51 and 0.49 for the three models, respectively.ConclusionsThis study introduces a very powerful, accurate and non-destructive methodology for investigating the effect of the drill size on the biomechanics of the dental implant technique.Further studies could aim at understanding how different drill shapes can determine the optimal press-fit condition with an equally distributed preload on both the cortical and trabecular structure around the implant.
Highlights
A fundamental pre-requisite for the clinical success in dental implant surgery is the fast and stable implant osseointegration
Image-based approaches combined with Finite Element Analyses (FEA) have allowed effective stress–strain investigations in dental implantology
Some researchers have investigated micro-displacements occurring at the boneimplant interface, while others studies have considered the load transfer at the interface to be more important in determining the correct mechanical stimulation of the osteoblasts, which are assumed to be responsible for bone tissue regeneration and the consequent osseointegration of the implant [5,6]
Summary
A fundamental pre-requisite for the clinical success in dental implant surgery is the fast and stable implant osseointegration. The press-fit phenomenon occurring at implant insertion induces biomechanical effects in the bone tissues, which ensure implant primary stability. The press-fit technique, which is adopted to ensure a primary stability condition for endosseous implants, Recently, image-based approaches combined with Finite Element Analyses (FEA) have allowed effective stress–strain investigations in dental implantology. Some researchers have investigated micro-displacements occurring at the boneimplant interface, while others studies have considered the load transfer at the interface to be more important in determining the correct mechanical stimulation of the osteoblasts, which are assumed to be responsible for bone tissue regeneration and the consequent osseointegration of the implant [5,6]. Trabecular microstructures of bones are modelled as homogeneous entities with particular mechanical properties and contiguity assumed at implant-bone interfaces. Further studies investigate the preload condition generated by the insertion of the abutment screw in the implant for different designs of the screw-abutment system [6]
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