Abstract
Corticotomy is an effective approach in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in clinical treatment. Corticotomy causes regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) in the alveolar bone of surgical sites. However, the molecular mechanism of RAP after corticotomy remains unclear. Herein, we established a mouse model to study the biomechanical interfaces of corticotomy-assisted OTM and to investigate the histological responses and underlying cellular mechanism. A total of 144 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups: corticotomy alone (Corti), sham operation (Sham), corticotomy with tooth movement (Corti + TM), and sham operation with tooth movement (Sham + TM). Nickel–titanium orthodontic springs were applied to trigger tooth movement. Mice were sacrificed on Post-Surgery Day (PSD) 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 for radiographic, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular biological analyses. The results reveal that corticotomy significantly promoted alveolar bone turnover and periodontal tissue remodeling. During orthodontic tooth movement, corticotomy significantly promoted osteogenic and proliferative activity, accelerated tooth movement, and eliminated root resorption by upregulating Wnt signal pathway.
Highlights
Received: 21 November 2020Accepted: 17 December 2020Published: 22 December 2020Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.license.Completion of a comprehensive orthodontic treatment for moderate to severe malocclusions usually requires 20–36 months [1]
Abundant Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)/tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity was observed in the corticotomy area (Figure 1H,J)
The sham operation (Sham) group showed minimal ALP/TRAP activity (Figure 1G,I), which indicated the stimulation of bone turnover with corticotomy surgery
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Completion of a comprehensive orthodontic treatment for moderate to severe malocclusions usually requires 20–36 months [1]. Orthodontic appliances cause inconveniences in patients’ daily life, especially in oral hygiene. Prolonged treatment increases the risk of dental caries and root resorption. Over the last 20 years, the number of adults who seek orthodontic treatment has been growing. Treatment duration and risks increase as an individual age due to the declining metabolic activity in adults [2]. Orthodontists are usually confronted with complicated situations resulting in ineffective tooth movement, including poor patient compliance and bracket fall-off. Acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) would be desirable for both patients and orthodontists
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