Remote Corticotomy Accelerates Orthodontic Tooth Movement in a Rat Model.

Min Zou,Zhong Zheng,Chenshuang Li

doi:10.1155/2019/4934128

Abstract

Introduction With an increasing demand for orthodontic treatment for adult patients, orthodontic professionals are constantly seeking novel strategies and technologies that can accelerate tooth movement in order to shorten the treatment period. For instance, in recent years, the influences of different surgical techniques on orthodontic tooth movement in the ipsilateral side of surgery were intensively investigated. Here, we attempt to examine if corticotomy could also affect the rate of tooth movement in the contralateral side of the surgery by using a rodent model. Materials and Methods 72 eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows: the Control group (orthodontic treatment devices delivered only, no tooth movement), the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) group (orthodontic treatment devices delivered and orthodontic treatment performed), and the Corticotomy + OTM group (remote corticotomy performed, orthodontic treatment devices delivered, followed by orthodontic treatment). The surgical procedure was conducted on the right side of the maxilla at the time of appliance placement and a force of 60 g was applied between the maxillary left first molar and maxillary incisors using nickel-titanium springs to stimulate OTM. The OTM distance and speed were tracked at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days post-surgery, followed by histological and immunohistochemical assessments. Results In comparison with orthodontic treatment only, the contralateral corticotomy significantly accelerated OTM. Furthermore, animals undergoing corticotomy + OTM presented with a greater number of osteoclasts on the compression side, stronger staining of the osteogenic marker on the tension side, and higher expression of an inflammatory marker than the OTM group animals. Conclusion Our current study demonstrates that remote corticotomy effectively accelerates alveolar bone remodeling and OTM. The study enriches our understanding of the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) and offers an alternative strategy for accelerating OTM to shorten the orthodontic treatment period.

Highlights

With an increasing demand for orthodontic treatment for adult patients, orthodontic professionals are constantly seeking novel strategies and technologies that can accelerate tooth movement in order to shorten the treatment period
Corticotomy is the most attractive approach since it is a common technique that induces regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) and expedites orthodontic tooth movement. It is not conclusive whether corticotomy is associated with accelerated orthodontic tooth movement clinically, as there are a plethora of controversial observations obtained from animal experiments and human clinical assessment [2, 4,5,6]
Application of orthodontic force led to the mesial moving of the upper left first molars gradually as seen in the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) group as well as the Corticotomy + OTM group (Figure 2(a))

Summary

Introduction

With an increasing demand for orthodontic treatment for adult patients, orthodontic professionals are constantly seeking novel strategies and technologies that can accelerate tooth movement in order to shorten the treatment period. Promising strategies that could shorten orthodontic treatment are demanded by both patients and orthodontists [2, 4] In response to this unmet need, low-intensity laser treatments, photobiomodulation, pulsed electromagnetic fields, corticotomy, corticision, and interseptal bone reduction have been investigated in attempts to reduce orthodontic treatment time [2]. Among these options, corticotomy is the most attractive approach since it is a common technique that induces regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) and expedites orthodontic tooth movement. If this is the case, the benefit of corticotomy on shortening orthodontic treatment may be underestimated in past human studies

Methods

Results

Conclusion