Abstract
The objective of the present study is to evaluate how the elastic properties of the fabrication material of dental implants influence peri-implant bone load transfer in terms of the magnitude and distribution of stress and deformation. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis was performed; the model used was a section of mandibular bone with a single implant containing a cemented ceramic-metal crown on a titanium abutment. The following three alloys were compared: rigid (Y-TZP), conventional (Ti-6Al-4V), and hyperelastic (Ti-Nb-Zr). A 150-N static load was tested on the central fossa at 6° relative to the axial axis of the implant. The results showed no differences in the distribution of stress and deformation of the bone for any of the three types of alloys studied, mainly being concentrated at the peri-implant cortical layer. However, there were differences found in the magnitude of the stress transferred to the supporting bone, with the most rigid alloy (Y-TZP) transferring the least stress and deformation to cortical bone. We conclude that there is an effect of the fabrication material of dental implants on the magnitude of the stress and deformation transferred to peri-implant bone.
Highlights
The ability of dental implants to reliably rehabilitate edentulous spaces has been well studied, but these implants are not without their technical and biological problems [1].One of the more frequent and most important biological issues is marginal crest bone loss around the dental implant
The highest maximum stress transferred was produced in the Ti-Nb-Zr model at 17.271 MPa, while the lowest maximum stress was produced by the Y-TZP model at 16.206 MPa
The opposite holds for the minimum stress transferred; the lowest value was produced by the Ti-Nb-Zr model (0.1416 MPa), while the highest minimum stress was produced by the Y-TZP model (0.1434 MPa)
Summary
The ability of dental implants to reliably rehabilitate edentulous spaces has been well studied, but these implants are not without their technical and biological problems [1].One of the more frequent and most important biological issues is marginal crest bone loss around the dental implant. Bone behaves identically to any other material in that it undergoes deformation when subject to a load In this sense, Frost proposed a criterion for remodeling bone based on the magnitude of the internal stress it undergoes when performing its designated function. Bone can support a set amount of BioMed Research International deformation, beyond which microfractures can be produced, which in turn can result in bone loss [5] These microdeformations can translate into micromovements of teeth or implants. In the case of the peri-implant bone, clinical reports describe the loss as occurring at the level of the marginal bone crest [7,8,9] This localization coincides with the zones of major stress transfer to the support fixture during the application of functional and parafunctional forces [10]
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