Abstract
The therapy of neural nerve injuries that involve the disruption of axonal pathways or axonal tracts has taken a new dimension with the development of tissue engineering techniques. When peripheral nerve injury (PNI), spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), or neurodegenerative disease occur, the intricate architecture undergoes alterations leading to growth inhibition and loss of guidance through large distance. To improve the limitations of purely cell-based therapies, the neural tissue engineering philosophy has emerged. Efforts are being made to produce an ideal scaffold based on synthetic and natural polymers that match the exact biological and mechanical properties of the tissue. Furthermore, through combining several components (biomaterials, cells, molecules), axonal regrowth is facilitated to obtain a functional recovery of the neural nerve diseases. The main objective of this review is to investigate the recent approaches and applications of neural tissue engineering approaches.
Highlights
Injuries to the nervous system that involve the disruption of axonal bundles have a major impact on the population, on medical and healthcare, and social and economic field
When peripheral nerve injury (PNI), spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), or neurodegenerative disease occur, the intricate architecture undergoes alterations leading to growth inhibition and loss of guidance (Moon et al, 2000)
Significant advances have been made in cell-based therapies, nanotechnologies, and novel biomaterials, as well as a better understanding of the nervous system’s knowledge
Summary
Injuries to the nervous system that involve the disruption of axonal bundles have a major impact on the population, on medical and healthcare, and social and economic field. Autonomous regeneration of damaged or degenerated axonal tracts is infrequent since a large number of factors are involved limiting this recovery. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) axons can regenerate in some cases allowing functional recovery when the damage involves a relatively short distance (Manoli et al, 2009; Aijie et al, 2018). CNS axons have an intrinsically limited capability to regenerate and they are surrounded by a local inhibitory environment (Curcio and Bradke, 2018). The axons of neurons form parallel bundles (nerves in the PNS, tracts in the CNS)
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