Abstract
Literature in the field of stem cell therapy indicates that, when stem cells in a state of single-cell suspension are injected systemically, they show poor in vivo survival, while such cells show robust cell survival and regeneration activity when transplanted in the state of being attached on a biomaterial surface. Although an attachment-deprived state induces anoikis, when cell-surface engineering technology was adopted for stem cells in a single-cell suspension state, cell survival and regenerative activity dramatically improved. The biochemical signal coming from ECM (extracellular matrix) molecules activates the cell survival signal transduction pathway and prevents anoikis. According to the target disease, various therapeutic cells can be engineered to improve their survival and regenerative activity, and there are several types of biomaterials available for cell-surface engineering. In this review, biomaterial types and application strategies for cell-surface engineering are presented along with their expected efficacy.
Highlights
Since it was discovered that various regenerative cell sources can exert essential functions to promote the regeneration of tissues damaged by injury or disease, the number of clinical applications of cell therapeutic agents has continued to increase
BM-MSCshave haveimmunomodulation immunomodulationcharacteristics characteristicsand andtherefore thereforewere wereused usedfor forthe the BM-MSCs treatment of various immune-related diseases, such as graft versus host disease (GvHD), treatment of various immune-related diseases, such as graft versus host disease (GvHD), sepsis,and andtherapies therapiesfor forautoimmunity autoimmunitydisorders disorders
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) or neural stem cells (NSCs) are stem cells that can differentiate into the major cell types of the central nervous system
Summary
Since it was discovered that various regenerative cell sources can exert essential functions to promote the regeneration of tissues damaged by injury or disease, the number of clinical applications of cell therapeutic agents has continued to increase. Cell-surface modification or encapsulation technology was originally developed with microbes such as yeasts [1] and Escherichia coli [2]. There are several previous reports on mammalian cell encapsulation, which show diversity in the approaches and the biomaterials used Such diverse cell encapsulation technologies could be classified into several categories based on cellularity The mass of delivery of therapeutic cells, multi-cellular encapsulation been adopted. The technologies developed for cell encapsulation can ders of tissue engineering. The technologies developed for cell encapsulation can benefit benefitengineering, tissue engineering, the other way around. Thethe methods of cell-surface engineering are are diverse. Several review papers have covered diverse techniques adopted for cell-surface engineering [12,13,14].
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