Biomass wastes: A potential catalyst source for biodiesel production

Abstract

Biodiesel is produced by transesterification of vegetable oil/animal fats in presence of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst. However, heterogeneous catalysts are preferred over the homogeneous ones owing to their reusability, easy separation, reduced waste water generation and lower toxicity. In recent years heterogeneous catalysts derived from biomass wastes have drawn significant attention. It provides value addition to waste and ensures sustainable catalyst production. The role of the catalysts derived from waste shells, animal bones, biomass ashes and carbon based catalysts in transesterification has been discussed. The objective of this review is to provide an insight to the development of heterogeneous catalysts derived from biomass waste and its utilization in biodiesel synthesis. The study encourages researchers to explore the potential of all locally available and unexplored biomass wastes that can be converted to heterogeneous catalysts and pave the pathway for a greener and cost effective route of biodiesel synthesis.